Active and Passive voice

 Aktiv i Pasiv

Aktiv: Subjekat je osoba ili stvar koja vrši radnju.
-The president will announce the results of the election tonight.
Pasiv: Trpno stanje koje izražava radnju koja se vrši nad subjektom.
-The results of the elections will be announced by the president tonight.

• Pasiv se gradi

-od oblika pooćnog glagola to be u odgovarajućem vremenu i prošlog participaglavnog glagol
-objekat aktivne rečenice postaje subjekat pasivne
-upitan oblik gradi se inverzijom prvog pomoćnog glagola i subjekta
-odričan oblik gradi se dodavanjem rečce not na prvi pomoćni glagol

• Pasiv mogu da grade samo prelazni glagoli. Oni koji imaju dva objekta, pasiv mogu da grade sa oba.

    Aktiv:                                     They gave the winner a valuable prize.
    Pasiv - direktni objekat:         A valuable prize was given to the winner.
    Pasiv - indirektni objekat:     The winner was given a valuable prize.

• Koristi se 

Kada je vršilac radnje nepoznat, nebitan ili se podrazumeva

-A new encyclopedia was presented to the public last night.
-The longest bridge in Europe will be opened next month.

Ako vršioca radnje želimo da naglasimo na kraju rečenice

-This sculpture was made by Michelangelo.

U formalnom stilu pisanja i u naučnim tekstovima

-The matter will be dealt with by the government's committee.

• U engleskom jeziku, pasiv je mnogo češće u upotrebi nego u srpskom, i zbog toga se pasivne rečenice na srpski jezik najčešće prevode aktivom, mada se mogu prevoditi i povratnim glagolom i pasivom.

Present simple	Am/is/are + particip prošli	English is spoken in Australia. (Engleski se govori u Australiji)
Present continuous	a/is/are + being + p.p.	Excuse the smell: fish is being fried. (Izvinite zbog mirisa, prži se riba)
Past simple	Was/were + p.p.	Cinderella wasn’t invited to the ball. (Pepeljuga nije bila pozvana na bal.)
Past continuous	Was/were being +p.p.	I felt I was being followed. (Imao/la sam osećaj da me prate)
Present perfect simple*	Have/has been + p.p.	She has never been told that she was adopted. (Nikada joj nisu rekli da je usvojena)
Past perf. simple	Had been + p.p.	The 7 dwarfs noticed that their house had been tidied. (… da im je kuća pospremljena)
Future simple	Will be + p.p.	The dictionary will be printed in 100 copies. (Rečnik će biti štampan…)
Future perfect simple	Will have been + p.p.	The mummy will have been returned to Cairo by 17th April. (Mumija će biti vraćena…)
Going to + infinitiv	Am/is/are + going to be + p.p.	Who is going to be elected president? (Koga će izabrati…)
Modalni glagoli	Modal + be +p.p.	The essay must be corrected. (… mora biti ispravljen.)
Infinitiv prezenta	(to) be + p.p.	He doesn’t want to be seen in a pink shirt. (Ne želi da ga vide…)
Infinitiv perfekta	(to) have been + p.p.	Everything seems to have been forgotten. (Čini se da je sve zaboravljeno.)
Gerund prezenta	Being + p.p.	The baby loves being tickled. (…voli da je golicaju.)
Gerund perfekta	Having been + p.p.	David was proud of having been awarded the first prize. (…što su mu dodelili prvu nagradu.)

*Trajni oblici sadašnjeg, prošlog i budućeg perfekta se ne koriste u pasivu.