1. Verbs - Personal verb forms

 Lični glagolski oblici

1.3 Glagolska vremena (podela) - Verb tenses

Ono što većini pada teško su čuvena vremena engleskog jezika. Na žalost mnogi muku muče sa njima i rado ih zaobilaze. Mada, koliko je moguće zaobići ih kada su oni sastavni deo rečenica koje pišemo ili izgovaramo Mnogi ljudi pribegavaju metodi eci, peci, pec kada je u pitanju odabir odgovarajućeg vremena i mnogi imaju sreće dok oni drugi ne prođu baš tako slavno. Glagolska vremena u engleskom jeziku su razlog zašto se većina boji da stupi u konverzaciju sa drugima, a verujte mi jedino tako ćete uspeti da savladate ova "teška vremena". Neki misle da je tajna u učenju napamet. Dobro sad, slagala bih kada bih rekla da ne morate baš ništa da pamtite u te vaše lepe glave, ali poenta nije samo u bubačenju onih modela kako se koje vreme gradi, već i učenju primene. Kada jednom upamtite šemu kada se koje vreme koristi biće vam lako da rešavate zadtke i stupite u konverzaciju.  U ovom postu pravim samo osnovnu podelu, kasnije, kroz druge postove ću posvetiti po jedan svakom vremenu posebno.

Dakle, u engleskom jeziku se vremena dele u dve grupe:

1. Prosta glagolska vremena - Simple tenses
2. Trajna glagolska vremena - Continuous/progressive tenses

1. Prosta glagolska vremena - Simple tenses

U prostim glagolskim vremenima su glagolski oblici isti za prvo i drugo lice jednine i za sva lica množine. Posebni su glagolski oblici samo za he/she/it. Kao primer za promenu pravilnih glagola užeću glagol play, dok ću za nepravilan uzeti glagol sleep. Pogledajte tabelu:

Vreme/forma -Tense/form	Potvrdan oblik - Affirmative form	Odričan oblik - Negative form	Upitan oblik - Interrogative form
Prosto sadašnje vreme the present simple	Infinitiv + s za 3 lice j.	Do/does not + inf.	Do/does + inf.
	I play/sleep. He plays/sleeps.	I do not (don’t) play/sleep. He does not (doesn’t) play/sleep.	Do I play/sleep? Does he play/sleep?
Prosto prošlo vreme the past simple	Infinitiv + -ed/II kolona neprvilnih glagola	Did not + inf.	Did + inf.
	I played/slept. He played/slept.	I did not (didn’t) play/sleep. He did not (didn’t) play/sleep.	Did I play/sleep? Did he play/sleep?
Sadašnji perfekat prosti the present perfect simple	Have/has + particip prošli	Have/has not + particip prošli	Have/has + particip prošli
	I have (I’ve) played/slept He has (he’s) played/slept	I have not (haven’t) played/slept. He has not (hasn’t) played/slept.	Have I played/slept? Has he played/slept?
Prošli perfekat prosti (pluskvamperfekat) the past perfect simple	Had + particip prošli	Had not + part. prošli	Had + part. prošli
	I had played/slept. He had played/slept.	I had not (hadn’t) played/slept. He had not (hadn’t) played/slept.	Had I played/slept? Had he layed/slept?
Futur prosti  the future simple	Will/shall + inf.	Will/shall not + inf.	Will/shall + inf.
	I will/shall play/sleep He will/shall play/sleep	I will/shall not (won’t/shan’t) play/listen	Will/shall I play/sleep? Will/shall he play/sleep?
Budući perfekat prosti the future perfect simple	Will/shall have + part. prošli	Will/shall not have + part. prošli	Will/shall have +part. prošli
	I will/shall have (I’ll have) played/slept.	I will/shall not have (won’t/shan’t have) played/slept. He will not have (won’t have) played/slept.	Will/shall I have played/slept? Will/shall he have played/slept?
Potencijal sadašnji the present conditional simple	Would + inf.	Would not + inf.	Would + inf.
	I would (I’d) play/sleep. He woul (he’d) play/sleep.	I woud not (wouldn’t) play/sleep He woud not (wouldn’t) play/sleep	Would I play/sleep? Would he play sleep?
Potencijal prošli The perfect conditional simple	Would have + par. prošli	Would have not + part. prošli	Would have + par. prošli
	I would have (would’ve) played/slept. He would have (would’ve) played/slept	I would not have (wouldn’t have) played/slept. He would not have (wouldn’t have) played/slept.	Would I have played/slept? Would he have played/slept?

To bi bila tabela prostih glagolskih vremena. Neka od ovih vremena, kao što su potencijali, neću obrađivati sada uz ostala vremena već kada se budem bavila potencijalima. Ono što bi vama možda na prvi pogled moglo stvarati zabunu jesu nepravilni glagoli (druga i treća kolona) koji se pominju i kao particip prošli (treća kolona). Ipak, kakako budem objavljivala zasebne postove za svako vreme tako ću i to objasniti. 

2. Trajna glagolska vremena - Continuous/progressive tenses

Trajna glagolska vremena imaju isti glagolski oblik oblik za I, you, we i they, osim kada za you nije drugačije naznačeno. Gl. oblici za he, she i it su isti. 

I pravilni i nepravilni glagoli sadašnji particip grade dodavanje nastavka -ing na infinitivnu osnovu, te ću za primer uzeti samo glagol play s obzirom da nema razlike. Pogledajte tabelu:

Vreme/forma -Tense/form	Potvrdan oblik - Affirmative form	Odričan oblik - Negative form	Upitan oblik - Interrogative form
Trajno sadapnje vreme the present continuous	To be + particip prezenta	To be not + part. prezenta	To be + part. prezenta
	I am (I’m) playing. You are (you’re)  playing. He is (he’s) playing.	I am (I’m) not playing. You are (you’re) not  playing. He is (he’s) not playing.	Am I playing? Are you playing? Is he playing?
Trajno prošlo vreme the past continuous	Was/were + part. prezenta	Was/were not + pp	Was/were + pp
	I was playing. You were plaing. He was playing.	I was not (wasn’t) playing. You were not (weren’t) playing. He was not (wasn’t) playing.	Was I playing? Were you playing? Was he playing?
Sadašnji perfekat trajni the present perfect continuous	Have/has been + pp	Have/has not been + pp	Have/has been + pp
	I have (I’ve) been playing. He has (he’s) been playing.	I have not (haven’t) been playing. He has not (hasn’t) been playing.	Have I been playing? Has he been playing?
Prošli perfekat (pluskvamperfekat) trajni the past perfect continuous.	Had been + pp	Had not been + pp	Had been + pp
	I had been playing. He had been playing.	I had not (hadn’t) been palying. He had not (hadn’t) been palying.	Had I been playing? Had he been playing?
Trajni futur the future continuous	Will/shall be + pp	Will/shall not be + pp	Will/shall be + pp
	I will/shall (I’ll) be playing. He will/shall (I’ll) be playing.	I will/shall not (won’t/shan’t) be playing. He will not (won’t/shan’t) be playing.	Will/shall I be playing? Will he be playing?
Budući perfekat trajni the future perfect continuous	Will/shall have been + pp	Will/shall not have been + pp	Will/shall have been + pp
	I will/shall (I’ll) have been palying. He will (he’ll) have been palying.	I will/shall not (won’t/shan’t) have been playing. He will not (won’t) have been playing.	Will/shall I have been playing? Will he have been playing?
Potencijal sadašnji trajni the conditional perfect continuous	Would be + pp	Would not be + pp	Would be + pp
	I would (I’d) be playing. He would (he’d) be playing.	I would not (wouldn’t) be playing. He would not (wouldn’t) be playing.	Would I be listening? Would he be listening?
Potencijal prošli trajni the conditional perfect continuous	Would have been + pp	Would not have been + pp	Would have been + pp
	I would have been playing. He would have been playing.	I would not (wouldn’t) have been playing. He would not (wouldn’t) have been playing.	Would I have been playing? Would he have been playing?

Eto i druge tabele. Sad nam je kompletirana lista vremena koja postoje u engleskom jeziku. Isto važi kao i za prvu tabelu da neću raditi potencijale sada sa svim ovim vremenima. Ostale su mi još neke sitnice koje idu poput pravila uz ova vremena. Zato sada idemo dalje!

Upitan oblik i pitanje 

Po pravilu se grade inverzijom odnosno promenom reda reči u rečenici tako da pomoćni glagol stoji ispred subjekta posle kog dolazi glavni glagol. U engleskom jeziku pitanja počinju upitnom reče ili upitnom frazom ispred pomoćnog glagola.

            Is he going to go to school tomorrow?

            Why has she gone home?

Inverzije nema kada se pitanjepostavlja za subjekat:

            Who stole the money? *Who did stole the money?

Upitno-odričan oblik 

Kod građenja ovog oblika red reči je isti kao u pitanju, dok odrična rečca not stoji iza subjekta.

            Do you not want my books?

            Why did they not share the money?

Takođe je uobičajen skraćeni oblik gde not dolazi ispred subjekta, odnosno dolazi do kontrakcije negacije not i pomoćnog glagola.

            Haven't they cooked the dinner?

            Why don't we go ona vacation?

Odričan oblik

Ovaj oblik se gradi stavljanjem rečce not posle pomoćnog glagola ili skraćeno n't na pomoćni glagol. Oblik glavnog glagola zavisi od vremen kojima ćemo uskoro početi da se bavio. 😁

Skraćeni oblici

She is not going. - She's not going. - She isn't going.

I am not going there! - *I amn't going there! - I'm not goign there!

You are not singing well. - You're not singing well. - You aren't singing well.

We haven't got the call. - We've not got the call. - We haven't got the call.

Maya has not been at the party. - May's not been at the party. - Maya hasn't been at the party.

I will not buy that! - I'll not buy that! - I won't buy that!

Ovo važi samo za perfekatksa vremena!

    Modalni glagoli (osim may) imaju skraćeni odričan oblik:

            cannot - can't                                            could not - couldn't             must not - mustn't

            should not - shouldn't                                ought not -oughtn't             need not - needn't

            might not - mightn't                                    will not - won't                    shal not - shan't